Retaining walls are structures designed to restrain soil to a slope. They are used to bound soils between two different elevations. A retaining wall that retains soil on the backside and water on the frontside is called a seawall or bulkhead. The structure is constructed to resist the lateral pressure of soil when there is a desired change in ground elevation that exceeds the angle of repose of the soil. The most important consideration in proper design and installation of retaining walls is to recognise and counteract the tendency of the retained material to move downslope due to gravity.
Common types are gravity wall, gabion, piling wall, cantilever wall, anchored wall, diaphragm wall, sheet piling, bored pile,
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