Steel Making

Reducing agent helps to remove oxygen from the iron ore

a blast furnace, used for smelting iron ore(in the form of iron oxides like hematite, or magnetite), it operates around 1600°C to produce molten iron, is filled with layers of iron ore, coke, and limestone

The reaction might look like this Fe2​O3​+3C→2Fe+3CO In this reaction, iron(III) oxide reacts with carbon (coke) to produce iron and carbon monoxide(ores are heated to a molten state to extract metals)

molten: a substance has transitioned from a solid state to a liquid state due to the application of heat(molten lava refers to the liquid rock that erupts from volcanoes)

The process of refining molten iron into steel by using techniques such as Bessemer process, the Open Hearth process, or Basic Oxygen Steelmaking(BOS)
Preparation: molten iron production, iron is produced in a blast furnace from iron ore, coke, and limestone resulting in molten iron and slag.
Basic Oxygen Steelmaking: molten iron is transferred to a converter, pure oxygen is injected into the molten iron. This oxidises impurities such as carbon, sulfur, and phosphorus, converting them into gases or slag. The reaction generates heat, helping to maintain the molten state.
Slag formation: the oxidised material combines with limestone and other fluxes to form slag, this results in lower carbon content and purer iron
Ladle Refining(optional)
Heat Treatment(optional): after casting, steel can undergo various heat treatment like annealing to achieve desired mechanical properties.

Ore: valuable mineral can be extracted profitably, the extraction process involves mining the ore, separating, by crushing, grinding,and chemical processing. Types of ores, iron ore (hematite, magnetite), copper ore(chalcopyrite) and gold ore. Non-metal ores, bauxite (aluminium)(it contains aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃) and not composed of metallic elements in native form, aluminium is extracted from bauxite through the Bayer process) and phosphorite(phosphate rock)

Nature of Metal:
a good conductor of hear and electricity, has a high melting point, malleable and ductile, solid at room temperature with the exception of mercury(Hg), metals are dense and have high tensile strength. Ferrous metals, contain iron(steel, cast iron), non-ferrous metals, do not contain iron(aluminium, copper, gold)