Civil law was also partly influenced by religious laws such as Canon law and Islamic law. Only legislative enactments are considered legally binding. (It means only laws formally passed by a legislative body like a parliament or congress have legal force. These enacted laws such as statutes or acts are binding on all individuals and institutions within the jurisdiction. Other types of rules or guidelines like informal agreements or recommendations may influence behaviour but are not enforceable by law unless they are authorised by a legislative enactment. This principle emphasises that legal authority comes from formal legislation not from customs, or unofficial rules.)
Examples:
-A city council passing a law to set speed limits, that is legally binding
-A company’s employee handbook rule, not legally binding in court, unless it aligns with labour laws.
For an agreement to be legally binding, it requires, mutual intent to be bound, parties must be legally able to agree(capacity), the purpose must be legal(legality)
Legal authority: the sources of law that are recognised as having binding power in a legal system. It determines what rules courts must or may follow when making decisions.
There are two main types:
1, Primary Authority- constitutions, statutes(laws passed by legislatures), regulations(issued by government agencies),case law(court decisions)
2, Secondary authority-now law itself, but helps explain or interpret it-legal encyclopedias, law review articles, treatises
Scholars of comparative law and economists promoting the legal origins theory usually subdivide civil law into distinct groups: French civil law, German civil law, Scandinavian civil law, hybrid systems: Nepoleonic to Germanistic influence-Italian civil law, Germanistic to Nepoleonic influence-Swiss civil law.
Legal crusade: an organised, sustained effort to use the courts and legal tools to achieve a broad social, political, or moral goal rather than just resolve a single private dispute. Strategic litigation, to establish new legal precedents, or force policy change. For example, the non-profit launched a legal crusade to compel the city to fix unsafe housing and appeals to set a binding standard. (binding standard, a statute, has legal force, can be sanctioned for noncompliance)
Seeking illegal premiums: attempting to obtain extra payment fees or financial benefits that are unlawful. For example. bribes, extortion, charging prohibited surcharges,demanding kickbacks beyond agreed or legal compensation, demand unapproved extra fees to complete work, requiring a bribe to issue a permit.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_national_legal_systems
Meandering leads to perfection 