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India’s independence from British rule (1947) involved significant human and material costs across multiple dimensions. Human Cost The struggle for independence resulted in thousands of deaths throughout the independence movement. The most devastating period was around Partition in 1947, when communal violence between Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs erupted. An estimated 200,000 to 2 million peopleContinue reading “Historical Cost of India’s Independence and British’s Extraction”